Structure and assembly of doublestranded RNA mycoviruses Adv Virus Res ; doi /bsaivir1 Epub Sep 16 Authors Carlos P Mata 1 , Javier M Rodríguez 2 , Nobuhiro Suzuki 3 , José R Castón 4 Affiliations 1 Department of Structure ofStructural basis of tolllike receptor 3 signaling with doublestranded RNA Tolllike receptor 3 (TLR3) recognizes doublestranded RNA (dsRNA), a molecular signature of most viruses, and triggers inflammatory responses that prevent viral spread TLR3 ectodomains (ECDs) dimerize on oligonucleotides of at least 40 to 50 base pairs in length, the minimal length required for siSelect one O RNA strands cannot form base pairs Double stranded DNA is a more stable structure O DNA cannot exist in the single stranded form it is easier to replicate double stranded DNA than single stranded RNA
Fig 1 Structural Basis Of Toll Like Receptor 3 Signaling With Double Stranded Rna Science
Double stranded rna structure
Double stranded rna structure- The shRNA and the pcRNA molecules were designed to contain a core 23 bp of doublestranded RNA structure, with one or two 9 nt singlestranded loops on the shRNA or the pcRNA molecules, respectively The pcRNA was not a completely closed loop, as it lacked a covalent bond between nt 1 (the 5′ end) and nt 74 (the 3′ end)Mary McMahon Researchers can isolate double stranded RNA in a lab by integrating cutting enzymes into an RNA sample Double stranded ribonucleic acid ( RNA) is a unique form of RNA that appears with two complementary strands, instead of a single strand in isolation, as is more common for this genetic material



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This indicates that the doublestranded RNA structure is required in addition to the 3′ DNA extension to protect the siRNA moiety from attack Addition of the DNA extension to singlestranded siRNA did result in less degradation, however, than for unmodified singlestranded siRNA ( Figure 5e )Phosphodiester bonds in the backbones of doublestranded (ds)RNA and singlestranded (ss)RNA are known to undergo alkaline hydrolysis Consequently, dsRNA agents used in emerging RNA interference (RNAi) products have been assumed to exhibit low chemical persistence in solutions However, the impact Catalyzes the hydrolytic deamination of adenosine to inosine in doublestranded RNA (dsRNA) referred to as AtoI RNA editing (PubMed, PubMed, PubMed) This may affect gene expression and function in a number of ways that include mRNA translation by changing codons and hence the amino acid sequence
Doublestranded RNA (dsRNA) is RNA with two complementary strands, similar to the DNA found in all cells, but with the replacement of thymine by uracil and the adding of one oxygen atom dsRNA forms the genetic material of some viruses (doublestranded RNA viruses) Doublestranded RNA, such as viral RNA or siRNA, can trigger RNA interference in eukaryotes, as well as interferonToll Like Receptor 3RNA interference (RNAi) has become a widely used technique of knocking down a gene's expression in insects, but its efficacy in some species is limited by a reduced ability of the cells to take in and disperse the doublestranded RNA (dsRNA) throughout the cytoplasm While RNA transport proteins such as SID1 and its orthologues can facilitate dsRNA uptake in some
Role in RNA interference In RNA interference introducing short doublestranded RNA (dsRNA) segments into the cells of nematodes ( Caenorhabditis elegans ) The dsRNA segments underwent enzymatic processing that enabled them to attach to molecules of messenger RNA (mRNA) possessing complementary nucleotide sequences Structure of the doublestranded RNAbinding domain of the protein kinase PKR reveals the molecular basis of its dsRNAmediated activation Sambasivarao Nanduri Structural Biology Program, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, USADOI /jcell4 Abstract Members of the ribonuclease III (RNase III) family are doublestranded RNA (dsRNA) specific endoribonucleases characterized by a signature motif in their active centers and a twobase 3' overhang in their products While Dicer, which produces small interfering RNAs, is currently the focus of intense interest, the structurally simpler



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DOUBLESTRANDED RNA 13 The tsRNA structure can readily be formed, and the physical properties of short tsRNAs of defined sequence have been analyzed (46)The allRNA triple helix is thermodynamically the most stable species, compared to the corresponding allDNA form, or the several hybrid RNADNA species (46)Vibrational circular Like DNA, RNA can form righthanded double helices In contrast to DNA, RNA forms an Aform helix with a radius of ∼12 nm and a length increase per base pair of ∼28 Å, ∼% wider and shorter than Bform dsDNA ( Fig 1 A )Members of the ribonuclease III (RNase III) family are doublestranded RNA (dsRNA) specific endoribonucleases characterized by a signature motif in their active centers and a twobase 3′ overhang in their products



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Structural basis of doublestranded RNA recognition by the RIGI like receptor MDA5 Xiaojun Lia, Cheng Lua,1, Mikaela Stewarta,1, Hengyu Xub, Roland K Strongb, Tatyana Igumenovaa, Pingwei Lia,* a Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX , USA bDivison of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center,See Page 1 o A stemloop structure is short doublestranded segments of RNA topped by a singlestranded loop containing unpaired nucleotides o Also known as a HAIRPIN STRUCTURE o In presence of trp Regions 12 blocked Regions 34 stem loop Termination no enzymes o With no trp Region 1 is blocked Regions 23 form stem loop NO terminationDouble Stranded RNA dsRNA can be formed as a result of transcription of DNA in both sense and antisense directions or DNAcontaining inverted repeats, which upon transcription fold into dsRNA hairpins From Brenner's Encyclopedia of Genetics (Second Edition), 13 Related terms RNA Interference;



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The apparent affinity of the antibodies to short (less than or equal to 11 bp) RNA helices was very low in all test systems used only background levels of binding were obtained on singlestranded RNA species which contain doublehelical secondary structures (eg rRNA, tRNA, viroid RNA) Within the crystals, the 10 bp dsRNA helices stack endtoend as a pseudocontinuous helix, with their long axes along the diagonal of the unit cell ( Figure 1 ) The asymmetric unit contains one full RNA duplex and two 'halfduplexes', referred toThis in turn abolished expression of the target mRNA Such short dsRNA segments thus act as endogenously produced siRNA As described earlier, siRNAs made by Dicer are short doublestranded RNA about 21 to 23 base pairs in length In addition, the siRNAs have a twobase 3′ overhang that is more stable when it consists of two uracils



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The secondary structure of RNA is necessary for its maturation, regulation, processing, and function However, the global influence of RNA folding in eukaryotes is still unclear Here, we use a highthroughput, sequencingbased, structuremapping approach to identify the paired (doublestranded RNA The secondary structure of RNA is necessary for its maturation, regulation,A lot of RNA is double stranded, it is just less stable as a double stranded structure than DNA One popular theory of the origin of DNA is that it was an adaption of double stranded RNA to be more stable structure and therefore a more reliable store of in Continue ReadingDNA exists in a doublestranded form whereas RNA is mainly a single stranded molecule being double stranded?



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These results define the structure of RNA for full RIGI activation and explain how RIGI detects negativestrand RNA viruses that lack long doublestranded RNA but do contain blunt short doublestranded 5' triphosphate RNA in the panhandle region of their singlestranded genome



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